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Economic Lessons Grades 4-5

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Lesson plans may not include current Maryland Standards.

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Abigail Adams

Literature Annotation: This story traces the life of Abigail Smith, a strong, intelligent and independent New Englander whose biography spans two centuries of enormous political change that gave birth to our nation. Her marriage to John Adams – colonial patriot and future President – took her from Massachusetts to France, to Great Britain and, finally, to the White House as First Lady. Abigail Adams is portrayed as a woman ahead of her time unafraid to voice her opinions for the greater good of our country.
  • Grade: 5

  • Economic Concepts: historical development, consumers, decision making 

  • Maryland State Economic Standard: Students will develop economic reasoning to understand the historical development and current status of economic principles, institutions, and processes needed to be effective citizens, consumers, and workers participating in local communities, the nation, and the world.


America’s First People

Literature Annotation: The series of books selects one cultural aspect of the American Indian nation or tribe and explains that unique tradition or characteristic in depth. Each book also has directions for a game, food, and craft or activity related to the culture of the group. The last chapter of each book tells about the people today. Throughout this series of books, the authors use detailed pictures and drawings to illustrate the text.

  • Grades: 4-5 
  • Economic Concepts: specialization, trade, economic systems, traditional, market, and mixed, economic question
  • Maryland State Economic Standard: Economic Standard: Students will develop economic reasoning to understand the historical development and current status of economic principles, institutions, and processes needed to be effective citizens, consumers, and workers participating in local communities, the nation, and the world.

Biggest and Best Flag

Literature Annotation: The Biggest (and Best) Flag That Ever Flew by Rebecca C. Jones (Tidewater Publishers, Centreville, MD, 1988). Young Caroline Pickersgill lives with her mother and grandmother in Baltimore, Maryland. Mrs. Pickersgill, a widow, supports herself and her daughter by making flags for the ships that sail into the city. Some soldiers from Fort McHenry come to her to order the biggest and best flag in the world, and Caroline helps to make it. When the British sail up the Chesapeake Bay to destroy Baltimore during the War of 1812, the defenders at the fort beat them back. After the British sail away the next day, the flag gallantly streaming over the fort is the one Caroline and her mother had sewn. "By the dawn's early light," Francis Scott Key saw it waving "o'er the land of the free and the home of the brave." 
  • Grade:

  • Economic Concepts: Goods & Services, Specialization, and Interdependence 

  • Maryland State Economic Standard: Students will develop economic reasoning to understand the historical development and current status of economic principles, institutions, and processes needed to be effective citizens, consumers, and workers participating in local communities, the nation, and the world.
By the Dawns Early Light

  • Literature Annotation: This book, beautifully illustrated with photographs of the oil paintings of Dan Andreasen, is an account of the writing of the Star Spangled Banner. It describes Francis Scott Key’s actions behind enemy lines during the bombardment of Fort McHenry and how his experiences led to the writing of America’s national anthem. 

  • Grade: 

  • Economic Concepts: Goods & Services, independence 

  • Maryland State Economic Standard: Students will develop economic reasoning to understand the historical development and current status of economic principles, institutions, and processes needed to be effective citizens, consumers, and workers participating in local communities, the nation, and the world.

Circle Unbroken

Literature Annotation: As she teaches her granddaughter to sew traditional sweetgrass baskets, a grandmother tells the story of their ancestors in faraway Africa and passes along memories of struggle and freedom. 
  • Grade:

  • Economic Concepts: Goods and services, consumption, opportunity cost

  • Maryland State Economic Standard: Students will develop economic reasoning to understand the historical development and current status of economic principles, institutions, and processes needed to be effective citizens, consumers, and workers participating in local communities, the nation, and the world.


Colonial Crafts & Trades

Literature Annotation: This book tells the reader what is was like to live in the New England colonies during the years 1565 to 1776.


  • Grade: 4 or 5

  • Economic Concept: opportunity cost, decision making, goods & services 

  • Maryland State Economic Standard: Students will develop economic reasoning to understand the historical development and current status of economic principles, institutions, and processes needed to be effective citizens, consumers, and workers participating in local communities, the nation, and the world.
Cant You Make Them Behave

Literature Annotation: Can’t You Make Them Behave, King George? is a light-hearted look at the life of King George III, his quest to follow all the rules and his perplexity over why those pesky American colonists would not do the same. 
  • Grade:

  • Economic Concepts: Goods and services, decision making 

  • Maryland State Economic Standard: Students will develop economic reasoning to understand the historical development and currant status of economic principles, institutions, and processes needed to be effective citizens, consumers, and workers participating in local communities, the nation, and the world.


Chestertown Tea Party

Literature Annotation: The Wetherby family lived in Chester Town, Maryland, in 1774 at the time when people voted not to buy, use or sell tea in order to show their support for the colonists in Boston. Amanda, the nine year old daughter, decides to dress as a boy so she can join her brother and other men and boys of the town to attend a "tea party just for men.” Amanda was surprised by what she found out about the tea party. 
  • Grade: 4 or 5 

  • Economic Concepts: Opportunity Cost, Tax 

  • Maryland State Economic Standard: Students will develop economic reasoning to understand the historical development and currant status of economic principles, institutions, and processes needed to be effective citizens, consumers, and workers participating in local communities, the nation, and the world.
Five Notable Inventors

Literature Annotation: This book acknowledges inventions designed, created and envisioned by five Black inventors: Elijah McCoy (machinery oiling equipment); Madame C. J. Walker (hair products for Black women); Granville T. Woods (electrical signals for trains); Garrett Morgan (gas masks and traffic signals); and Jan Matzeliger (shoe last machinery). 
  • Grade:

  • Economic Concepts: independence, consumers, development 

  • Maryland State Economic Standard: Students will develop economic reasoning to understand the historical development and current status of economic principles, institutions, and processes needed to be effective citizens, consumers, and workers participating in local communities, the nation, and the world.


George vs George

Literature Annotation: This book looks at the two sides of the American Revolution through the eyes of George Washington and King George III. The similarities and differences between the two rulers and their countries are examined. 
  • Grade:

  • Economic Concepts: Scarcity and Decision-making, Opportunity Cost, Taxes and the Role of Government, Command Economy and Market Economy 

  • Maryland State Economic Standard: Students will develop economic reasoning to understand the historical development and current status of economic principles, institutions, and processes needed to be effective citizens, consumers, and workers participating in local communities, the nation, and the world.

Hog Music

Literature Annotation: Great Aunt Liza sends a birthday present in a wooden box from her home in Maryland to her niece in Illinois. Hog Music is the story of the trip that the box takes along the National Road and the misadventures that occur along the way.

  • Grade: 4
  • Economic Concepts: Goods and services, economic decision making


How Ben Franklin Stole Lightning

Literature Annotation: This book focuses on Benjamin Franklin’s role as an inventor of whimsical gadgets and practical contraptions with an emphasis on his famous electrical experiment of flying a kite during a rainstorm. In an inventive way, Rosalyn Schanzer has crafted a brilliant American original. 
  • Grade:

  • Economic Concepts: independence, command and market economy

  • Maryland State Economic Standard: Students will develop economic reasoning to understand the historical development and current status of economic principles, institutions, and processes needed to be effective citizens, consumers, and workers participating in local communities, the nation, and the world.


Life in Colonial Boston

Literature Annotation: This book describes life in colonial Boston, Massachusetts from 1760-1773. The drawings and colored photos give a glimpse into the life of people during this time. It shows some clothes they wore, food they ate, and types of homes common to the colony. 
  • Grade:

  • Economic Concepts: Production and Specialized work, Scarcity and Decision-making, Government and Economic Systems 

  • Maryland State Standard: Students will develop economic reasoning to understand the historical development and current status of economic principles, institutions, and processes needed to be effective citizens, consumers, and workers participating in local communities, the nation, and the world.
Life on a Plantation

Literary Annotation: Life on a Plantation compares the lives and customs of plantation owners in 19th century United States who lived in grand style in the "big house" next door to the slaves who lived in slave quarters and worked in the cotton, rice, and tobacco fields in the civil war era. 
  • Grade: 4

  • Economic Concepts: opportunity cost, economic decisions, production, consumption 

  • Maryland State Standard: Students will develop economic reasoning to understand the historical development and current status of economic principles, institutions, and processes needed to be effective citizens, consumers, and workers participating in local communities, the nation, and the world.

Maryland Portrait of the States

Literature Annotation: This book paints a picture of Maryland’s history, people, economy, resources and government. It explains Maryland’s role on the world stage in the past as well as today.

  • Grade: 4
  • Economic Concepts: Goods and services, economic decision making
  • Maryland State Curriculum Economics Standard: Students will develop economic reasoning to understand the historical development and current status of economic principles, institutions, and processes needed to be effective citizens, consumers, and workers participating in local communities, the nation, and the world.

Minty

Literature Annotation: Although this book is a fictional account of Harriet Tubman’s childhood, the basic facts are true. She was a slave on the Brodas plantation on Maryland’s Eastern Shore in the 1820s and was considered a “problem” slave by her master. Her dream of freedom was the only thing that made life bearable for her.

  • Grade: 4
  • Economic Concepts: opportunity code, economic decision making.
  • Maryland Economics Standard: Students will develop economic reasoning to understand the historical development and current status of economic principles, institutions, and processes needed to be effective citizens, consumers, and workers participating in local communities, the nation, and the world

Molly Bannaky

Literature Annotation: This book re-tells the story of Benjamin Banneker’s grandmother. It begins with her servitude in England and the “crime” that sent her to America. In this large picture book, Alice McGill presents the beginnings of the Banneker family in the Maryland colony.

  • Grade: 4-5
  • Economic Concepts: Production of Goods and Services; Specialization; Interdependence
  • Maryland State Curriculum Economics Standard: Students will develop economic reasoning to understand the historical development and current status of economic principles, institutions, and processes needed to be effective citizens, consumers, and workers participating in local communities, the nation, and the world.

River is My Life

Literature Annotation: This is an interview with George Ambrose Chisley, an oysterman in Southern Maryland. The photos shows pictures of oysters, how they are harvested, and the boat and tools that are used.

  • Grade: 4
  • Economic Concepts: Economic Resources, Production, Specialized Work
  • Maryland State Curriculum Economics Standard: Students will develop economic reasoning to understand the historical development and current status of economic principles, institutions, and processes needed to be effective citizens, consumers, and workers participating in local communities, the nation, and the world.

The Gristmill

Literature Annotation: Pioneers would travel many miles to visit the gristmill for the essential service of having their wheat or corn stone-ground. As a result, communities in colonial America developed and prospered. In this story students will examine gristmill construction, the process for grinding grain into flour, the resources needed, and the importance of the gristmill to the community.

  • Grade: 4-5
  • Economic Concepts: Production, Goods and Services, Resources
  • Maryland State Curriculum Economics Standard: Students will develop economic reasoning to understand the historical development and current status of economic principles, institutions, and processes needed to be effective citizens, consumers, and workers participating in local communities, the nation, and the world.

Gristmill Pictures

The Silk Road

Literature Annotation: This beautifully illustrated book traces the history and purpose of the legendary trade route between China and Byzantium during the Tang Dynasty (A.D. 618-906)


  • Grade: 4-5
  • Economic Concepts: interdependence, trade, scarcity, economic wants
  • Maryland State Curriculum Economics Standard: Students will develop economic reasoning to understand the historical development and current status of economic principles, institutions, and processes needed to be effective citizens, consumers, and workers participating in local communities, the nation, and the world.

Stranded at Plimoth Plantation

Literature Annotation: This book contains the journal entries of an orphan boy, indentured by an unscrupulous uncle, that are used to re-create the daily life of the Pilgrims a few years after their difficult beginnings in Plimoth. Christopher Sears and passengers are stranded in November when the ship, Sparrowhawk, crashes in a New England fog on its way to Jamestown, Virginia. He writes in his journal about various family and community events that he experiences while living for nine months in the home of Elder Brewster. Christopher has artistic leanings, and Mistress Brewster encourages his talent for wood engraving.

  • Grade: 5
  • Economic Concepts: Scarcity, Consumption, Opportunity Cost
  • Maryland State Curriculum Economics Standard: Students will develop economic reasoning to understand the historical development and current status of economic principles, institutions, and processes needed to be effective citizens, consumers, and workers participating in local communities, the nation, and the world.
Trade Across Time and Culture

Literature Annotation: This series of books, written to meet four different readability levels, explains how the desire for four different types of goods –silk, spices, salt, and fur – led to the development of various trade routes around the world.

  • Grade: 4-5
  • Economic Concepts: Goods, trade
  • Maryland State Curriculum Economics Standard: Students will develop economic reasoning to understand the historical development and current status of economic principles, institutions, and processes needed to be effective citizens, consumers, and workers participating in local communities, the nation, and the world.

What are you figuring Benjamin Bannaker?

Literature Annotation: This book begins with Benjamin Banneker’s childhood and relates the story of his life. It includes information on his years as a farmer in Maryland and how he made his first clock. His interest in astronomy led to his becoming a surveyor with the Ellicott brothers who built a mill on the Patapsco River and to his job as a surveyor for the city of Washington, DC.

  • Grade: 4
  • Economic Concepts: Opportunity Cost, Production, Interdependence
  • Maryland State Curriculum Economics Standard: Students will develop economic reasoning to understand the historical development and current status of economic principles, institutions, and processes needed to be effective citizens, consumers, and workers participating in local communities, the nation, and the world.
The World Turned Upside Down

Literature Annotation: This story of a family who lived in Annapolis during the American Revolution shows the tumultuous times that turned their world upside down. From the burning of the ship Peggy Stewart during the Annapolis "tea party" to the war's end, the five Sands children and their parents were a part of events that created a new nation.

  • Grade: 4
  • Economic Concepts: Goods and services
  • Maryland State Curriculum Economics Standard: Students will develop economic reasoning to understand the historical development and current status of economic principles, institutions, and processes needed to be effective citizens, consumers, and workers participating in local communities, the nation, and the world.

Lesson plans that do not require specifics books.

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